{"id":117,"date":"2008-03-08T13:53:53","date_gmt":"2008-03-08T13:53:53","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2008-03-08T13:53:53","modified_gmt":"2008-03-08T13:53:53","slug":"117","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/?p=117","title":{"rendered":"\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f(Visitor Pattern)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\uff08Visitor\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f
\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e9b\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa<\/p>\n

System.Collection\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u805a\u96c6\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u5b58\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7c97\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u96be\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u91c7\u53d6\u67d0\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u6839\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u505a\u7c7b\u578b\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8f6c\u79fb\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u672a\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u89e3\u8131\u5f00\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u64cd\u4f5c\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u6f14\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6b64\u8282\u70b9\u5411\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u5219\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb\u505a”\u53cc\u91cd\u5206\u6d3e”\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u8c03\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u4f20\u5165\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u5219\u5c06\u67d0\u7b97\u6cd5\u9488\u5bf9\u6b64\u8282\u70b9\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cc\u91cd\u5206\u6d3e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65bd\u52a0\u4e8e\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784
\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e0e\u5177\u4f53\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u610f\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002

\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u8282\u70b9\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u8282\u70b9\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62bd\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\uff08Visitor\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u89d2\u8272\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002
\u5177\u4f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\uff08ConcreteVisitor\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6240\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u62bd\u8c61\u8282\u70b9\uff08Node\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u91cf\u3002
\u5177\u4f53\u8282\u70b9\uff08Node\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08ObiectStructure\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8ba9\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u5982\u5217\uff08List\uff09\u6216\u96c6\u5408\uff08Set\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001 \u793a\u610f\u6027\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n

\/\/ Visitor pattern -- Structural example  
using System;
using System.Collections;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Visitor\"
abstract class Visitor
{
  \/\/ Methods
  abstract public void VisitConcreteElementA(
    ConcreteElementA concreteElementA );
  abstract public void VisitConcreteElementB(
    ConcreteElementB concreteElementB );
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteVisitor1\"
class ConcreteVisitor1 : Visitor
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void VisitConcreteElementA(
    ConcreteElementA concreteElementA )
  {
    Console.WriteLine( \"{0} visited by {1}\",
      concreteElementA, this );
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void VisitConcreteElementB(
    ConcreteElementB concreteElementB )
  {
    Console.WriteLine( \"{0} visited by {1}\",
      concreteElementB, this );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteVisitor2\"
class ConcreteVisitor2 : Visitor
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void VisitConcreteElementA(
    ConcreteElementA concreteElementA )
  {
    Console.WriteLine( \"{0} visited by {1}\",
      concreteElementA, this );
  }
  override public void VisitConcreteElementB(
    ConcreteElementB concreteElementB )
  {
    Console.WriteLine( \"{0} visited by {1}\",
      concreteElementB, this );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Element\"
abstract class Element
{
  \/\/ Methods
  abstract public void Accept( Visitor visitor );
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteElementA\"
class ConcreteElementA : Element
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void Accept( Visitor visitor )
  {
    visitor.VisitConcreteElementA( this );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void OperationA()
  {
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteElementB\"
class ConcreteElementB : Element
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void Accept( Visitor visitor )
  {
    visitor.VisitConcreteElementB( this );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void OperationB()
  {
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ObjectStructure\"
class ObjectStructure
{
  \/\/ Fields
  private ArrayList elements = new ArrayList();<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  public void Attach( Element element )
  {
    elements.Add( element );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void Detach( Element element )
  {
    elements.Remove( element );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void Accept( Visitor visitor )
  {
    foreach( Element e in elements )
      e.Accept( visitor );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/**\/\/\/\/ <summary>
\/\/\/ Client test
\/\/\/ <\/summary>
public class Client
{
  public static void Main( string[] args )
  {
    \/\/ Setup structure
    ObjectStructure o = new ObjectStructure();
    o.Attach( new ConcreteElementA() );
    o.Attach( new ConcreteElementB() );<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Create visitor objects
    ConcreteVisitor1 v1 = new ConcreteVisitor1();
    ConcreteVisitor2 v2 = new ConcreteVisitor2();<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Structure accepting visitors
    o.Accept( v1 );
    o.Accept( v2 );
  }
}
<\/code><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u8282\u70b9ConcreteElementA\u548c\u8282\u70b9ConcreteElementB\u3002\u9996\u5148ConcreteElementA\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

ConcreteElementA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06VisitorA\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u4f20\u5165\uff1b
ConcreteElementA\u5bf9\u8c61\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8c03\u7528VisitorA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06ConcreteElementA\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u4f20\u5165\uff1b
VisitorA\u5bf9\u8c61\u8c03\u7528ConcreteElementA\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u65b9\u6cd5operationA( )\u3002
\u4ece\u800c\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u53cc\u91cd\u5206\u6d3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\uff0cConcreteElementB\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548cConcreteElementA\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u805a\u96c6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u805a\u96c6\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u59d4\u6d3e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53cc\u91cd\u5206\u6d3e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u53cc\u91cd\u5206\u6d3e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001 \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528Visitor\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6f14\u793a\u4e86Employee\u5bf9\u8c61\u96c6\u5408\u5141\u8bb8\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Visitor\uff08IncomeVisitor\u4e0eVacationVisitor\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/ Visitor pattern -- Real World example  
using System;
using System.Collections;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Visitor\"
abstract class Visitor
{
  \/\/ Methods
  abstract public void Visit( Element element );
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteVisitor1\"
class IncomeVisitor : Visitor
{
  \/\/ Methods
  public override void Visit( Element element )
  {
    Employee employee = ((Employee)element);<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Provide 10% pay raise
    employee.Income *= 1.10;
    Console.WriteLine( \"{0}'s new income: {1:C}\",
      employee.Name, employee.Income );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteVisitor2\"
class VacationVisitor : Visitor
{
  public override void Visit( Element element )
  {
    Employee employee = ((Employee)element);<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Provide 3 extra vacation days
    employee.VacationDays += 3;
    Console.WriteLine( \"{0}'s new vacation days: {1}\",
      employee.Name, employee.VacationDays );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Element\"
abstract class Element
{
  \/\/ Methods
  abstract public void Accept( Visitor visitor );
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteElement\"
class Employee : Element
{
  \/\/ Fields
  string name;
  double income;
  int vacationDays;<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Constructors
  public Employee( string name, double income,
    int vacationDays )
  {
    this.name = name;
    this.income = income;
    this.vacationDays = vacationDays;
  }<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Properties
  public string Name
  {
    get{ return name; }
    set{ name = value; }
  }<\/p>\n

  public double Income
  {
    get{ return income; }
    set{ income = value; }
  }<\/p>\n

  public int VacationDays
  {
    get{ return vacationDays; }
    set{ vacationDays = value; }
  }<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  public override void Accept( Visitor visitor )
  {
    visitor.Visit( this );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ObjectStructure\"
class Employees
{
  \/\/ Fields
  private ArrayList employees = new ArrayList();<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  public void Attach( Employee employee )
  {
    employees.Add( employee );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void Detach( Employee employee )
  {
    employees.Remove( employee );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void Accept( Visitor visitor )
  {
    foreach( Employee e in employees )
      e.Accept( visitor );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/**\/\/\/\/ <summary>
\/\/\/ VisitorApp test
\/\/\/ <\/summary>
public class VisitorApp
{
  public static void Main( string[] args )
  {
    \/\/ Setup employee collection
    Employees e = new Employees();
    e.Attach( new Employee( \"Hank\", 25000.0, 14 ) );
    e.Attach( new Employee( \"Elly\", 35000.0, 16 ) );
    e.Attach( new Employee( \"Dick\", 45000.0, 21 ) );<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Create two visitors
    IncomeVisitor v1 = new IncomeVisitor();
    VacationVisitor v2 = new VacationVisitor();<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Employees are visited
    e.Accept( v1 );
    e.Accept( v2 );
  }
}
<\/code><\/p>\n

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