\/\/ Prototype pattern -- Structural example
using System;<\/p>\n\/\/ \"Prototype\"
abstract class Prototype
{
\/\/ Fields
private string id;<\/p>\n
\/\/ Constructors
public Prototype( string id )
{
this.id = id;
}<\/p>\n
public string Id
{
get{ return id; }
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Methods
abstract public Prototype Clone();
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \"ConcretePrototype1\"
class ConcretePrototype1 : Prototype
{
\/\/ Constructors
public ConcretePrototype1( string id ) : base ( id ) {}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Methods
override public Prototype Clone()
{
\/\/ Shallow copy
return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \"ConcretePrototype2\"
class ConcretePrototype2 : Prototype
{
\/\/ Constructors
public ConcretePrototype2( string id ) : base ( id ) {}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Methods
override public Prototype Clone()
{
\/\/ Shallow copy
return (Prototype)this.MemberwiseClone();
}
}<\/p>\n
\/**\/\/\/\/ <summary>
\/\/\/ Client test
\/\/\/ <\/summary>
class Client
{
public static void Main( string[] args )
{
\/\/ Create two instances and clone each
ConcretePrototype1 p1 = new ConcretePrototype1( \"I\" );
ConcretePrototype1 c1 = (ConcretePrototype1)p1.Clone();
Console.WriteLine( \"Cloned: {0}\", c1.Id );<\/p>\n
ConcretePrototype2 p2 = new ConcretePrototype2( \"II\" );
ConcretePrototype2 c2 = (ConcretePrototype2)p2.Clone();
Console.WriteLine( \"Cloned: {0}\", c2.Id );
}
}
<\/code><\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u5176\u4e2dMemberwiseClone()\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fObject\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5b9e\u73b0ICloneable\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u5df1\u7f16\u5199ICloneable\u7684Clone\u63a5\u53e3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001 \u5e26Prototype Manager\u7684\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f
\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5e26\u539f\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176UML\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
![](\"http:\/\/www.poloo.org\/wp-content\/attachments\/month_0803\/9200838133044.gif\")
\u5ba2\u6237\uff08Client\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7c7b\u5411\u539f\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u63d0\u51fa\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002
\u62bd\u8c61\u539f\u578b\uff08Prototype\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e00\u4e2aC#\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6b64\u89d2\u8272\u7ed9\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u578b\u7c7b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5728C#\u4e2d\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u539f\u578b\u89d2\u8272\u901a\u5e38\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86ICloneable\u63a5\u53e3\u3002
\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u578b\uff08Concrete Prototype\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6b64\u89d2\u8272\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002
\u539f\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08Prototype Manager\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u578b\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u539f\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u989c\u8272\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u578b\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u514b\u9686\u989c\u8272\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ Prototype pattern -- Real World example
using System;
using System.Collections;<\/p>\n\/\/ \"Prototype\"
abstract class ColorPrototype
{
\/\/ Methods
public abstract ColorPrototype Clone();
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \"ConcretePrototype\"
class Color : ColorPrototype
{
\/\/ Fields
private int red, green, blue;<\/p>\n
\/\/ Constructors
public Color( int red, int green, int blue)
{
this.red = red;
this.green = green;
this.blue = blue;
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Methods
public override ColorPrototype Clone()
{
\/\/ Creates a 'shallow copy'
return (ColorPrototype) this.MemberwiseClone();
}<\/p>\n
public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine( \"RGB values are: {0},{1},{2}\",
red, green, blue );
}
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Prototype manager
class ColorManager
{
\/\/ Fields
Hashtable colors = new Hashtable();<\/p>\n
\/\/ Indexers
public ColorPrototype this[ string name ]
{
get{ return (ColorPrototype)colors[ name ]; }
set{ colors.Add( name, value ); }
}
}<\/p>\n
\/**\/\/\/\/ <summary>
\/\/\/ PrototypeApp test
\/\/\/ <\/summary>
class PrototypeApp
{
public static void Main( string[] args )
{
ColorManager colormanager = new ColorManager();<\/p>\n
\/\/ Initialize with standard colors
colormanager[ \"red\" ] = new Color( 255, 0, 0 );
colormanager[ \"green\" ] = new Color( 0, 255, 0 );
colormanager[ \"blue\" ] = new Color( 0, 0, 255 );<\/p>\n
\/\/ User adds personalized colors
colormanager[ \"angry\" ] = new Color( 255, 54, 0 );
colormanager[ \"peace\" ] = new Color( 128, 211, 128 );
colormanager[ \"flame\" ] = new Color( 211, 34, 20 );<\/p>\n
\/\/ User uses selected colors
string colorName = \"red\";
Color c1 = (Color)colormanager[ colorName ].Clone();
c1.Display();<\/p>\n
colorName = \"peace\";
Color c2 = (Color)colormanager[ colorName ].Clone();
c2.Display();<\/p>\n
colorName = \"flame\";
Color c3 = (Color)colormanager[ colorName ].Clone();
c3.Display();
}
}
<\/code><\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001 \u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d
\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u51fa\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86ICloneable\u63a5\u53e3\u3002C#\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff1a
using System;<\/p>\nclass ShallowCopy : ICloneable
{
public int[] v = {1,2,3};<\/p>\n
public Object Clone()
{
return this.MemberwiseClone();
}<\/p>\n
public void Display()
{
foreach(int i in v)
Console.Write( i + \", \");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}<\/p>\n
class Client
{
public static void Main()
{
ShallowCopy sc1 = new ShallowCopy();
ShallowCopy sc2 = (ShallowCopy)sc1.Clone();
sc1.v[0] = 9;<\/p>\n
sc1.Display();
sc2.Display();
}
}
<\/code><\/p>\n
ShallowCopy\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u5bf9sc1\u8fdb\u884c\u514b\u9686\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b57\u6bb5v\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u514b\u9686\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4sc1\u4e0esc2\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5v\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2av\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4fee\u6539\u4e86sc1\u7684v[0]\u540e\uff0csc2\u7684v[0]\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\uff1a
using System;<\/p>\nclass DeepCopy : ICloneable
{
public int[] v = {1,2,3};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
public DeepCopy()
{
}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f9bClone\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
private DeepCopy(int[] v)
{
this.v = (int[])v.Clone();
}<\/p>\n
public Object Clone()
{
\/\/ \u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684DeepCopy\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a
\/\/ \u539f\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 v
return new DeepCopy(this.v);
}<\/p>\n
public void Display()
{
foreach(int i in v)
Console.Write( i + \", \");
Console.WriteLine();
}
}<\/p>\n
class Client
{
public static void Main()
{
DeepCopy dc1 = new DeepCopy();
DeepCopy dc2 = (DeepCopy)dc1.Clone();
dc1.v[0] = 9;<\/p>\n
dc1.Display();
dc2.Display();
}
}
<\/code><\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u5728\u514b\u9686\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u514b\u9686\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u8fde\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e00\u5e76\u514b\u9686\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u7684dc1\u4e0edc2\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001 Prototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u7f3a\u70b9
Prototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n
1\u3001Prototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u52a8\u6001\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ea7\u6279\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001Prototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e38\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800cPrototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001Portotype\u6a21\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7531\u4e8ePrototype\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5f97\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPrototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
Prototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
Prototype\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u5907\u4e00\u4e2a\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u514b\u9686\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u76d8\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00\u3001 \u539f\u578b\uff08Prototype\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u539f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u610f\u662f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-Note"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![](\"http:\/\/www.poloo.org\/wp-content\/attachments\/month_0803\/u200838133030.gif\")