{"id":106,"date":"2008-03-04T16:29:33","date_gmt":"2008-03-04T16:29:33","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2008-03-04T16:29:33","modified_gmt":"2008-03-04T16:29:33","slug":"106","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.poloo.org\/?p=106","title":{"rendered":"\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f(Builder Pattern)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001 \u5efa\u9020\u8005\uff08Builder\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f
\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u8c61\u4e0e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u751f\u6210\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8c61\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5efa\u9020<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6709\u53d1\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u9644\u5f55\u7b49\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6700\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u6536\u4ef6\u4eba\u5730\u5740\u672a\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u8d4b\u503c\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6027\u8d28\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d4b\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4f7f\u5f97\u6027\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6b64\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f85\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5408\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b”\u96f6\u4ef6”\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab”\u5916\u90e8\u5316”\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4f5c\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cc\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u8fd4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u90e8\u96f6\u4ef6\u90fd\u5efa\u9020\u5b8c\u6bd5\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u547d\u540d\u7684\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”\u5efa\u9020\u8005”\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u7528”\u751f\u6210\u5668”\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u96f6\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c”\u5efa\u9020”\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\uff0c”\u521b\u5efa”\u6216”\u751f\u6210”\u4e0d\u592a\u6070\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001 Builder\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a

\u5efa\u9020\u8005\uff08Builder\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c4\u8303\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6b64\u63a5\u53e3\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\uff08ConcreteBuilder\uff09\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u7c7b\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5efa\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u8fd8\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\uff08Concrete Builder\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u62c5\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u662f\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u4e3b\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0Builder\u89d2\u8272\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002
\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\uff08Director\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u62c5\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7c7b\u8c03\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bfc\u6f14\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u62e5\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08Product\uff09\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fbf\u662f\u5efa\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5bfc\u6f14\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5404\u4e2a\u96f6\u4ef6\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u59d4\u6d3e\u7ed9\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u505a\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6240\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001 \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a
\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6f14\u793a\u4e86Builder\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u6784\u4ef6\u590d\u6742\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002

\/\/ Builder pattern -- Structural example  <\/p>\n

using System;
using System.Collections;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Director\"
class Director
{
  \/\/ Methods
  public void Construct( Builder builder )
  {
    builder.BuildPartA();
    builder.BuildPartB();
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Builder\"
abstract class Builder
{
  \/\/ Methods
  abstract public void BuildPartA();
  abstract public void BuildPartB();
  abstract public Product GetResult();
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteBuilder1\"
class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder
{
  \/\/ Fields
  private Product product;<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  override public void BuildPartA()
  {
    product = new Product();
    product.Add( \"PartA\" );
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildPartB()
  {
    product.Add( \"PartB\" );
  }<\/p>\n

  override public Product GetResult()
  {
    return product;
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteBuilder2\"
class ConcreteBuilder2 : Builder
{
  \/\/ Fields
  private Product product;<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  override public void BuildPartA()
  {
    product = new Product();
    product.Add( \"PartX\" );
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildPartB()
  {
    product.Add( \"PartY\" );
  }<\/p>\n

  override public Product GetResult()
  {
    return product;
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Product\"
class Product
{
  \/\/ Fields
  ArrayList parts = new ArrayList();<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  public void Add( string part )
  {
    parts.Add( part );
  }<\/p>\n

  public void Show()
  {
    Console.WriteLine( \" Product Parts -------\" );
    foreach( string part in parts )
      Console.WriteLine( part );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/**\/\/\/\/ <summary>
\/\/\/ Client test
\/\/\/ <\/summary>
public class Client
{
  public static void Main( string[] args )
  {
    \/\/ Create director and builders
    Director director = new Director( );<\/p>\n

    Builder b1 = new ConcreteBuilder1();
    Builder b2 = new ConcreteBuilder2();<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Construct two products
    director.Construct( b1 );
    Product p1 = b1.GetResult();
    p1.Show();<\/p>\n

    director.Construct( b2 );
    Product p2 = b2.GetResult();
    p2.Show();
  }
}
<\/code><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001 \u5efa\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a

\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8d1f\u8d23\u521b\u5efa\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u628a\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u4e00\u58f0\u4ee4\u4e0b\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u64cd\u7eb5\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u628a\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001 \u5efa\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a
\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u7801\u6f14\u793a\u4e86Shop\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528VehicleBuilders\u6765\u5efa\u9020\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8be5\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86Builder\u6a21\u5f0f\u987a\u5e8f\u5efa\u9020\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u3002

\/\/ Builder pattern -- Real World example  <\/p>\n

using System;
using System.Collections;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Director\"
class Shop
{
  \/\/ Methods
  public void Construct( VehicleBuilder vehicleBuilder )
  {
    vehicleBuilder.BuildFrame();
    vehicleBuilder.BuildEngine();
    vehicleBuilder.BuildWheels();
    vehicleBuilder.BuildDoors();
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Builder\"
abstract class VehicleBuilder
{
  \/\/ Fields
  protected Vehicle vehicle;<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Properties
  public Vehicle Vehicle
  {
    get{ return vehicle; }
  }<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  abstract public void BuildFrame();
  abstract public void BuildEngine();
  abstract public void BuildWheels();
  abstract public void BuildDoors();
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteBuilder1\"
class MotorCycleBuilder : VehicleBuilder
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void BuildFrame()
  {
    vehicle = new Vehicle( \"MotorCycle\" );
    vehicle[ \"frame\" ] = \"MotorCycle Frame\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildEngine()
  {
    vehicle[ \"engine\" ] = \"500 cc\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildWheels()
  {
    vehicle[ \"wheels\" ] = \"2\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildDoors()
  {
    vehicle[ \"doors\" ] = \"0\";
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteBuilder2\"
class CarBuilder : VehicleBuilder
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void BuildFrame()
  {
    vehicle = new Vehicle( \"Car\" );
    vehicle[ \"frame\" ] = \"Car Frame\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildEngine()
  {
    vehicle[ \"engine\" ] = \"2500 cc\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildWheels()
  {
    vehicle[ \"wheels\" ] = \"4\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildDoors()
  {
    vehicle[ \"doors\" ] = \"4\";
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"ConcreteBuilder3\"
class ScooterBuilder : VehicleBuilder
{
  \/\/ Methods
  override public void BuildFrame()
  {
    vehicle = new Vehicle( \"Scooter\" );
    vehicle[ \"frame\" ] = \"Scooter Frame\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildEngine()
  {
    vehicle[ \"engine\" ] = \"none\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildWheels()
  {
    vehicle[ \"wheels\" ] = \"2\";
  }<\/p>\n

  override public void BuildDoors()
  {
    vehicle[ \"doors\" ] = \"0\";
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \"Product\"
class Vehicle
{
  \/\/ Fields
  private string type;
  private Hashtable parts = new Hashtable();<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Constructors
  public Vehicle( string type )
  {
    this.type = type;
  }<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Indexers
  public object this[ string key ]
  {
    get{ return parts[ key ]; }
    set{ parts[ key ] = value; }
  }<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  public void Show()
  {
    Console.WriteLine( \" ---------------------------\");
    Console.WriteLine( \"Vehicle Type: \"+ type );
    Console.WriteLine( \" Frame : \" + parts[ \"frame\" ] );
    Console.WriteLine( \" Engine : \"+ parts[ \"engine\"] );
    Console.WriteLine( \" #Wheels: \"+ parts[ \"wheels\"] );
    Console.WriteLine( \" #Doors : \"+ parts[ \"doors\" ] );
  }
}<\/p>\n

\/**\/\/\/\/ <summary>
\/\/\/ BuilderApp test
\/\/\/ <\/summary>
public class BuilderApp
{
  public static void Main( string[] args )
  {
    \/\/ Create shop and vehicle builders
    Shop shop = new Shop();
    VehicleBuilder b1 = new ScooterBuilder();
    VehicleBuilder b2 = new CarBuilder();
    VehicleBuilder b3 = new MotorCycleBuilder();<\/p>\n

    \/\/ Construct and display vehicles
    shop.Construct( b1 );
    b1.Vehicle.Show();<\/p>\n

    shop.Construct( b2 );
    b2.Vehicle.Show();<\/p>\n

    shop.Construct( b3 );
    b3.Vehicle.Show();
  }
}
<\/code><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001 \u5efa\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6f14\u5316
\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7701\u7565\u62bd\u8c61\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u89d2\u8272<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u6389\u62bd\u8c61\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a

\/\/ \"Director\"
class Director
{
  private ConcreteBuilder builder;<\/p>\n

  \/\/ Methods
  public void Construct()
  {
    builder.BuildPartA();
    builder.BuildPartB();
  }
}
<\/code>
\u7701\u7565\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\u89d2\u8272<\/p>\n

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public class Builder
{
  private Product product = new Product();<\/p>\n

  public void BuildPartA()
  {
    \/\/Some code here
  }<\/p>\n

  public void BuildPartB()
  {
    \/\/Some code here
  }<\/p>\n

  public Product GetResult()
  {
    return product;
  }<\/p>\n

  public void Construct()
  {
    BuildPartA();
    BuildPartB();
  }
}<\/code>
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public class Client
{
  private static Builder builder;<\/p>\n

  public static void Main()
  {
    builder = new Builder();
    builder.Construct();
    Product product = builder.GetResult();
  }
}<\/code>
C#\u4e2d\u7684StringBuilder\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

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